Gout Causes & Treatment

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What is Gout?

Gout is a distinct form of arthritis caused by the formation of needle-like crystals in the joints. It differs from other types of arthritis, such as osteoarthritis, which results from wear and tear, or autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, where the body’s immune system attacks its own joints.

Gout occurs when urate, or uric acid, builds up in the bloodstream and forms crystals in the joints. Uric acid is a natural waste product in the body, but if the body cannot eliminate it quickly enough—or if an excess is produced due to factors like diet—the concentration of uric acid can rise.

When these crystals form in the joints, particularly in the feet and most commonly in the big toe joint, it causes what is known as a gout “flare.” This leads to intense pain and swelling in the affected joint

lying down with feet crossed over pain in R 1st metatarsal phalangeal joint, possibly caused by gout indicated by redness surrounding the joint

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Who Is At Risk Of Gout?

While gout can affect anyone, it is most commonly observed in men aged 40 to 50. The likelihood of developing gout is often influenced by genetics, and certain lifestyle and medical factors can increase your risk. These include:

  • Kidney disease or impaired kidney function, which hinders the body’s ability to remove uric acid efficiently
  • Medications, particularly diuretics, which increase uric acid levels by helping the body eliminate excess water
  • Conditions such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity, or glucose intolerance
  • Dietary habits, such as consuming alcohol and foods high in purines, which the body converts into uric acid

Signs & Symptoms Of Gout

Gout flares can occur suddenly and without warning. You’ll recognise when a flare begins, as the affected joint will swell, redden, feel warm to the touch, and become extremely painful. The pain can be triggered by pressure, not only from walking but even from something as light as the pressure of your bedsheets at night.

 

A flare can last anywhere from a few days to several weeks, and the time between flares can vary greatly, ranging from weeks to even years. Repeated flares can cause persistent swelling, and over time, may lead to permanent joint damage, resulting in increased stiffness and pain in the affected joint.

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Treating Gout

If you’re experiencing your first gout episode, the most important step is to consult your doctor for a proper diagnosis. They can prescribe medications to help prevent future gout attacks, although there is no permanent cure.

This is where your podiatry team comes in. We will assist you in managing the impact of gout on your feet, from using custom foot orthotics to offload pressure from painful and swollen joints, to improving your comfort and mobility as your joints are affected. We can also provide recommendations for footwear or even custom footwear designed to enhance your comfort.

Our primary goal is to keep you mobile and independent for years to come, which involves taking the necessary steps now to prevent further joint damage and deterioration. Additionally, we can offer lifestyle advice, such as wearing warm socks around the house and being mindful of your intake of high-purine foods, to help manage your condition.

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